Book excerpt: This book consists of papers presented at Automation 2018, an international conference held in Warsaw from March 21 to 23, 2018. It discusses the radical technological changes occurring due to the INDUSTRY 4.0, with a focus on offering a better understanding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Each chapter presents a detailed analysis of interdisciplinary knowledge, numerical modeling and simulation as well as the application of cyber-physical systems, where information technology and physical devices create synergic systems leading to unprecedented efficiency. The theoretical results, practical solutions and guidelines presented are valuable for both researchers working in the area of engineering sciences and practitioners looking for solutions to industrial problems.