Book excerpt: The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) was created to foster connectivity. Air transport connectivity facilitates economic development. This Scoping Study seeks to begin to define a potential role for the CAREC program to enhance the region's effectiveness of aviation. The study provides an analysis of the CAREC region's current state of aviation, and is structured around three principal components of aviation development: policy and regulation, infrastructure and equipment, and operations. It also describes enabling factors necessary to realize the aviation enhancements CAREC member governments seek. The study provides conclusions and outlines a possible way forward on CAREC aviation to assist in shaping action items and capacity-building activities that underpin aviation's role in economic development.