Book excerpt: Y. Fujimori, Symposium Programme Committee Chair, and Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: fujimori@isu. isunet. edu M. Rycroft, Faculty Member, International Space University e-mail: rycroft@isu. isunet. edu Building on the foundations provided by the International Space Station, now partially constructed and already in use in low Earth orbit, what will be the future directions of human spaceflight? This was the key question discussed from many viewpoints - technical, entrepreneurial, governmental, legal - at the seventh Annual Symposium held in Strasbourg, France, early in June 2002. Many ideas on the "whys" and the "hows" of our future exploration of the final frontier were put forward in a stimulating environment. The unique perspective of the International Space University (ISU) - namely an interdisciplinary, international and intercultural perspective - enhanced both the presentations and the discussions. More than 150 people attended the Symposium, including the current members of the Master of Space Studies class who are attending an 11 month course at ISU. They are young professionals and postgraduate students who develop in-depth some part of the broad Symposium theme in their parallel Team Projects. Their final reports will be completed at the end of July 2002, and will be published independently. 1 Beyond the ISS: The Future of Human Spaceflight Keynote Address: A Summary The Need for a New Vision E. Vallerani, Advanced Logistic Technology Engineering Center, The Italian Gateway to the ISS, Corso Marche 79, Torino 10146, Italy e-mail: vallerani. ernesto@spacegate-altec.