Book excerpt: Trade and investment indirectly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through the energy used in associated production and transportation processes to the extent that energy is generated on the basis of fossil fuels. However, if technologies can be developed and distributed which are clean and contribute to energy efficiency and conservation or use renewable energy, then trade and investment will be part of the solution rather than the problem. This publication makes a strong case for trade and investment in climate-smart goods and services, in particular climate-smart technologies resulting in a triple win for economic growth, trade and environment.