Book excerpt: In 1996, the Federal Highway Administration initiated efforts to re-educate transportation professionals and enhance their expertise on how to address possible adverse social, economic, and environmental effects during project planning, development, and decision making. A user-friendly primer, "Community Impact Assessment," was published in September 1996 on how to conduct a community impact assessment to address the impacts of proposed transportation actions on communities, neighborhoods, and people. To complement the primer, this document, "Community Impact Mitigation: Case Studies," provides examples of how transportation projects have been planned, designed, and constructed to be neighborhood friendly; avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts; and, where appropriate, enhance the livability of communities and neighborhoods. This document contains five case studies: Community Mitigation and Enhancement - Durham, North Carolina; Community Cohesion - Oak Park, Michigan; Community Preservation - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Community Reconstruction - Seattle, Washington; and Community Revitalization - Prichard, Alabama.