Book excerpt: Costs and ROI Costs and ROI is the fifth of six books in the Measurement and Evaluation Series from Pfeiffer. The proven ROI Methodology--developed by the ROI Institute--provides a practical system for evaluation planning, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. All six books in the series offer the latest tools, most current research, and practical advice for measuring ROI in a variety of settings. All costs must be captured for an accurate cost profile. Costs and ROI focuses on developing program costs and the ROI and explains this vital element in the ROI Methodology. The authors show how to capture all costs in order to bring credibility to the analysis. The book outlines the actual ROI calculation and explains the many assumptions and issues that must be considered when calculating the ROI. Costs and ROI presents three effective calculations: the benefit-cost ratio, the ROI percentage, and the payback period. Costs and ROI includes all the challenges and concerns regarding the use of ROI.