Book excerpt: The Forgings, the groundbreaking series of industrially forged steel sculptures that the artist produced in 1955 and 1956, are brought together in one book for the first time, alongside complementary sketchbook drawings of the sculptures. This catalogue, documenting an exhibition at Gagosian Gallery, New York, is the first time that all ten Forgings have been on view together since 1956. The sculptures are accompanied by a series of works on paper leading up to The Forgings, as well as sketchbook drawings of the completed sculptures. With the The Forgings, David Smith translated the spontaneity of a brushed line drawing into sculptural form, manipulating thin steel bars to achieve expressive vertical abstractions. The Forgings were unprecedented as works created solely through an industrial machined process, but were perhaps even more radical as pre-Minimalist forms intended to provoke discrete responses in each viewer.