Book excerpt: The global environment has significantly changed due to a number of factors such as industrial pollution, expansion of agricultural land way beyond the fringe forest zones, destruction of virgin forests, loss of quality agricultural lands due to soil erosion, loss of global wildlife and biodiversity, climate change, global warming, devastating forest fires, floods, draughts, melting of glaciers to mention a few. Human or anthropogenic impacts are in turn devastating the planet with our attention being shifted only to the shinning aspect of our civilizations. The most alarming fact about this hidden factor is that they are all directly or indirectly impacted by human activities in some way or other. The present work, Environment at Crossroads deals with various environmental problems like climate change, global warming, food security, bioremediation of waste, oil spills, and problems of heavy metal toxicity, control strategies like use of gene therapy, conservation of mangroves, revival of river Vishwamitri and role of plant and animals in biodiversity conservation is discussed.