Book excerpt: England in the mid-seventeenth-century saw the emergence of numerous religious sects, one of which were the Calvinistic Baptists. During this revolutionary era this group was often accused of heresy by their Reformed contemporaries. At that time Hanserd Knollys, one of the key spokesmen for this body, was personally charged with holding heterodox beliefs, in particular, Antinomianism, Anabaptism and Fifth Monarchism. In addition, subsequent historians have been compelled to defend Knollys against the charge of hyper-Calvinism. All of these charges are serious, and consequently bring into question Knollys' basic orthodoxy. This book systematically examines each of these charges against Knollys by looking at them in their broader historical context, and then comprehensively examining them from Knollys' writings to determine if they are indeed valid. Along the way Knollys' soteriology, ecclesiology and eschatology receive vital and needed elucidation.