Book excerpt: The aim of this report is to identify key ethical considerations involved in the provision of long-term care systems for people with chronic illnesses and disabilities; a subject which presents a growing challenge for societies around the world, especially for developing countries. The report is based on the discussions of a meeting held in Chicago in July 2002, which included experts in public health, long-term care and development issues. Aspects considered include: the role of the family and other stakeholders, the caregiving relationship, social justice issues, and future options. It also includes four papers which discuss social justice values underlying long-term care provision.