Book excerpt: In this edition of Frontiers in Pediatrics, authors will discuss a wide-variety of pediatric diseases which often lead to severe Illnesses and hospitalizations for children in low-resource settings including certain populations in high-income countries such as Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, refugees, and immigrants. We will focus on the current management in those settings including recent updates, looking at adaptations of care when appropriate. We will attempt to discuss the most common diseases seen in the majority world where at least 80-90% of pediatric deaths occur.