Book excerpt: The IBM® mainframe remains a widely used enterprise computing workhorse, hosting essential IT for the majority of the world's top banks, airlines, insurers and more. As the mainframe continues to evolve, the newest IBM Z® servers offer solutions for AI and analytics, blockchain, cloud, DevOps, security and resiliency, with the aim of making the client experience similar to that of using cloud services. Many organizations today face challenges with their core IT infrastructure: Complexity and stability An environment might have years of history and be seen as too complex to maintain or update. Problems with system stability can impact operations and be considered a high risk for the business. Workforce challenges Many data center teams are anticipating a skills shortage within the next 5 years due to a retiring and declining workforce specialized in the mainframe, not to mention the difficulty of attracting new talent. Total cost of ownership Some infrastructure solutions are seen as too expensive, and it's not always easy to balance up-front costs with the life expectancy and benefits of a given platform. Lack of speed and agility Older applications can be seen as too slow and monolithic as organizations face an increasing need for faster turnaround and release cycles. Some software vendors suggest addressing these challenges with the "big bang" approach of moving your entire environment to a public cloud. But public cloud isn't the best option for every workload, and a hybrid multicloud approach can offer the best of both worlds. IBM Z is constantly being developed to address the real challenges businesses face today, and every day we're helping clients modernize their IT environments. There are 4 strategic elements to consider when modernizing your mainframe environment: Infrastructure Applications Data access DevOps chain This paper focuses on these four modernization dimensions.