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Global Convict Labour offers a global history of convict labour across many of the regimes of punishment that have appeared from Antiquity to the present, inclu

A new global history perspective on the relationship between convict mobility and governance, nation building, imperial expansion, and knowledge formation.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. It is funded by the Univer

Between 1415, when the Portuguese first used convicts for colonization purposes in the North African enclave of Ceuta, to the 1960s and the dissolution of Stali

Forced convict labor provided the Portuguese with solutions to the growing criminal population at home and the lack of infrastructure in Angola and Mozambique.