Book excerpt: This book aims to provide a fundamental grasp of graphene-based materials (GAMs) and their adsorption process. The effect of diverse process parameters, including pH, temperature, agitation, competing ions, etc., on the adsorption performance of GAMs as well as their recent and relevant applications in biomedical fields, are discussed. The current challenges and future outlook have been addressed as an independent chapter, and the recyclability of these adsorbent materials has also been covered. Features: Focuses on graphene-based materials as adsorbents to remove contaminants from wastewater. Includes detailed computational and statistical analyses and cost comparison points. Compares the performance of graphene-based materials as adsorbents in the context of various other reported adsorbents, including other 2D materials, such as WS2 and BN. Provides fundamental comprehension of the graphene-based materials’ adsorption process. Discusses the recyclable nature of graphene-based materials, as well as approaches used. This book has been aimed at graduate students and researchers in wastewater treatment, environmental, materials, and chemical engineering.