Book excerpt: Geopolymerization techniques allow the conversion of industrial waste materials into environmentally friendly materials. The vast list of applications includes thermal insulation, fire-resistant materials, construction materials, refractory linings, cements and concretes, encapsulation of radioactive and toxic waste etc. The book presents the technological processes involved, as well as the characterization and applications of the resulting ecomaterials. Keywords: Geopolymerization, Industrial Waste Materials, Green Materials, Thermal Insulation, Fire-resistant Materials, Construction Materials, Refractory Linings, Cements and Concretes, Encapsulation of Radioactive Waste, Encapsulation of Toxic Waste, Thermal Power Plant Ash, Aluminosilicates Recycling, Porous Geopolymers, Environmentally Friendly Concrete.