Book excerpt: Managers and sponsors of hedge funds and funds of funds commission the creation of disclosure documents to explain their products and minimize their personal risk exposure. These disclosure documents can be descriptive, but often end up being dense and opaque. Industry convention and the anti-fraud provisions of the securities laws govern how these documents are prepared. The more opaque the disclosure document is, the less likely the disclosure document will adequately describe the plan, the purposes, and the risks of investment, and accomplish the legal objective of true, complete, and accurate disclosure. Recent market retrenchment, beginning with the credit crisis in 2008, tested hedge fund disclosures like no time in the recent past.This second edition of Hedge Fund Disclosure Documents Line by Line capitalizes on this recent economic trauma by rewriting and expanding the fund disclosure to address modern hedge fund risks, while at the same time providing the user with a useful guide to the intricacies of the issues presented by the contemporary investment environment.