Book excerpt: It was the era that produced some of the icons of civilization: Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and Last Supper and Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling, Piet^, and David. As masterpieces by the likes of Caravaggio, Donato Bramante, Donatello, El Greco, Filippo Brunelleschi, Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, and Titian emerged, new heights of human potential were imagined. The Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art covers the years 1250 to 1648, the period most disciplines place as the Renaissance Era. A complete portrait of this remarkable period is depicted in this book through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 500 hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries on major Renaissance painters, sculptors, architects, and patrons, as well as relevant historical figures and events, the foremost artistic centers, schools and periods.