Book excerpt: Recently, the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) has increasingly been recognized as crucial for economic prosperity, human development, and well-being, along with sustainable development. World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Forum emphasizes the role of ICT adoption in sustainability, with due regard to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The research has largely documented favorable economic outcomes of increasing the use of ICT. However, the ecological dimensions of ICT have received the least attention in the literature. In effect, ICT has influenced human life from many perspectives including ecological aspects of life. The links of ICT with the environment are rather complex. On the one hand, ICT growth deteriorates the environment by increasing the production, use, and disposal of ICT products. For instance, increasing e-waste and larger use of energy in manufacturing cause adverse effects on the environment. The life cycle theory of ICT suggests that several stages of the life of ICT result in pollution. The life cycle of ICT-related products spans over “production, delivery, transport, use, and disposal”. On the other hand, ICT is considered a solution to reinforce environmental protection, mitigate the adverse impacts created in the environment by human activities, and address key environmental challenges such as climate change and sustainability.