Book excerpt: Background: Treadmill training is a common intervention used with patients suffering from neurologic conditions. Limited research exists on treadmill training interventions used for patients with ataxia after TBI. The purpose of this literature review is to determine if treadmill training is more effective than conventional gait training (COGT) in improving motor control and coordination in adults with chronic acquired ataxia.Methods: For the literature review, three databases were searched including MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane using relevant terms. Studies had to include patients 18 and older with chronic acquired ataxia to be included. Studies also had to focus on treadmill training or COGT of patients with TBI.Results: Through the search conducted, six articles were chosen. The article types included RCT, case series, case report, single subject design, and quasi-experimental. Within these articles, one article directly compared body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) to COGT, three articles looked at a combination of COGT and treadmill training, one article looked only at COGT, and one only focused on treadmill training. In the comparison article, it was concluded BWSTT was no more effective than COGT. The articles focusing on combination therapy and individual therapies found improvements on the Berg Balance Test and Functional Ambulation Categories, standardized outcome measures used for motor control and coordination.Discussion/Conclusion: Based on the conclusions drawn from the six articles, a multitude of intervention types are beneficial for patients with chronic ataxia resulting from TBI. A combination of treadmill training, CGT, and other therapeutic exercises should be incorporated into the treatment protocol for patients with chronic ataxia after TBI. Additional research must be conducted to fully determine the most effective treatment type.