Book excerpt: The findings indicate that inadequate financing, lack of capacity in terms of adequate, qualified and experienced human resources to undertake quality assurance functions, lack of clear and viable quality assurance policies, lack of awareness on quality assurance issues, and lack of academic leadership were the identified major institutional constraints to quality assurance processes in Tanzania's. [...] The design permits the researchers to summarise the characteristics of different groups and measure the attitudes and opinions toward the constraints and strategies of institutional quality assurance and control processes. [...] The interviews revealed the day-to-day constraints in the implementation of quality assurance processes in PRUs in Tanzania and the strategies implemented to address the challenges. [...] Study findings revealed four primary institutional constraints: 1) inadequate funding of quality assurance processes by the institutions; 2) lack of institutional capacity in terms of trained human resources in quality assurance in higher education; 3) lack of viable institutional quality assurance frameworks and policies; and 4) poor or lack of academic leadership and lack of awareness among acad. [...] The consequences of this knowledge gap of the policy presence include a division of power between those who know and do not know, resistance to implementation and a lack of engagement in the implementation of the policies.