Book excerpt: Oman is a country located in the Middle East, on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a small country, with a population of around 5 million people. Oman has a rich history and culture, with evidence of human settlement dating back to 10,000 BC. Its strategic location made Oman an important center for trade and commerce in the ancient world, with its ports serving as crucial stopovers for traders traveling between Asia, Africa and Europe. Today, Oman is a modern and prosperous country, with a thriving economy based largely on oil production, tourism and commerce. It is known for its stunning landscapes, including rugged mountains, golden deserts, and picturesque coastlines, as well as its diverse and hospitable people. Despite its modernization and progress, Oman remains deeply rooted in its traditions and history, making it a unique and fascinating destination for travelers and scholars alike.