Book excerpt: This topical volume of Journal of Nano Research (JNanoR) covers a very broad cross-section of the manufacturing and physical behavior of nanomaterials that rely on solid and liquid diffusion processes. The materials covered range from carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoparticles and nanopowders, and nanoporous composites to graphene. The presented applications cover many different fields, one of them featured in a number articles is the surface improvement due to coatings and nanolayers.