Book excerpt: Different research methods can yield unique insights into literacy learning and teaching--and, used synergistically, can work together to move the field forward. Now revised and updated with 50% new material, this definitive text presents widely used methods and provides students and researchers with a clear understanding of when, how, and why they are applied. Leading authorities describe established and emerging methodologies, review the types of questions they are suited to address, and identify standards for quality. Key issues in research design are accessibly discussed. Each chapter offers one or more exemplars of high-quality published studies to illustrate the approach in action. The benefits of using multiple types of methods to more fully investigate a given question or problem are emphasized throughout. New to This Edition *Chapter on a vital new topic: critical race methodologies. *New chapters on core topics: design-based research, causal effects, ethnographic case studies, correlational designs, discourse analysis, instrument development, and verbal protocols. *Up-to-date coverage of online research methods, neuroimaging, and other rapidly evolving methodologies. *Many of the exemplary studies are new.