Book excerpt: Local Self-Government in India: Decentralized Democracy in Action offers a comprehensive exploration of India's Panchayati Raj system and Urban Local Bodies, established through the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. This book delves into the historical evolution, constitutional framework, and the functioning of these decentralized institutions, highlighting their role in empowering rural and urban communities. By placing power in the hands of local authorities, these reforms have brought democracy closer to the people, promoting inclusive participation of women, marginalized groups, and local leaders. The book also addresses the challenges faced by local governance, such as financial constraints, administrative inefficiencies, and evolving demands of urbanization and rural development. Ideal for students, scholars, policymakers, and aspirants of competitive exams, this book provides in-depth analysis and critical insights into India's decentralized democratic framework, its successes, and the way forward for strengthening local governance.