Book excerpt: Upper & Lower Quarter HeadingPage CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION1 History2 International Definitions4 Introduction to Pain 6 Myofascial Trigger Points 14 CHAPTER 2 - UNDERSTANDING DRY NEEDLING31 Models of Dry Needling32 Types of Dry Needling34 Physiological Effects of Dry Needling35 Analgesic Effects35 Biochemical Modulation 38 Mechanical Effects39 Understanding Needles43 Handling Needles44 Practising Needling/Method Of Needling45 Direction Of Insertion46 Basic Insertion Techniques47 Manipulation47 Order Of Insertion And Removal Of Needles48 Patient Education49 Hygiene49 Material Required53 Indications53 Contraindications53 Precautions55 Appropriate Selection Of Patient55 Procedure of Dry Needling56 Advantages57 Management Of Adverse Events57 CHAPTER 3 - TRIGGER POINT DRY NEEDLING (UPPER QUARTER)60 Supraspinatus61 Infraspinatus62 Rhomboid Major And Rhomboid Minor63 Latissimus Dorsi65 Upper Trapezius66 Teres Major68 Teres Minor 69 Subscapularis70 Levator Scapulae71 Deltoid72 Biceps 74 Triceps75 Anconeus76 Brachialis77 Brachioradialis78 Supinator79 Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis80 Extensor Digitorum81 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris82 Pronator Teres83 Flexor Carpi Radialis 84 Flexor Digitorum Profundus And Superficialis85 Adductor Pollicis87 Opponens Pollicis88 Abductor Pollicis Brevis89 Dorsal Introssei90 CHAPTER 4 - TRIGGER POINT DRY NEEDLING (LOWER QUARTER)91 Gluteus Maximus92 Gluteus Medius93 Gluteus Minimus94 Piriformis95 Tensor Fascia Latae96 Adductor Magnus 97 Adductor Longus98 Pectenius99 Rectus Femoris100 Vastus Lateralis101 Vastus Medialis102 Vastus Intermidius103 Hamstring104 Sartorius106 Popliteus107 Gastronemius108 Soleus110 Plantaris111 Tibialis Anterior112 Tibialis Posterior113 Peroneus Tertius114 Peroneus Longus115 Extensor Hallucis Longus116 Extensor Digitorum Longus117 Extensor Digitorum Brevis 118 Flexor Hallucis Longus119 Flexor Hallucis Brevis120 Extensor Hallucis Brevis121 Adductor Hallucis 122 Abductor Hallucis 123 Flexor Digitorum Brevis124 Abductor Digiti Minimi125 Quadratus Plantae126 Dorsal And Planter Interossei127 SUGGESTIVE READING129