Book excerpt: Mary McMillan: The Mother of Physical ~ Mary McMillan was as instrumental in founding physical therapy, as FlorenceNightingale influenced the profession of modern nursing. Mary knew from anearly age that she was meant to help, heal, and assist those who were in pain.She was fearless and unafraid to help all who suffered, no matter the peril. Marywas the key figure in organizing the profession of physical therapy in the first half of the twentieth century.Born in America in 1880, she was uprooted to England to live with her aunt at an early age. In college, she trained in physical education and remedial exercises in order to work with patients recovering from orthopedic surgery. In 1910 she worked in Liverpool under the eminent Sir Robert Jones. Shereturned to the United States in 1915 and became the Director of the Clinic ofthe Children's Hospital in Portland, Maine. Two years later, thousands of WorldWar I wounded soldiers needed rehabilitation after the end of the war. She quickly became known and admired by leading orthopedic doctors and was recruited by the United States Surgeon General to form courses in physical reconstruction and therapy. Mary was the first reconstruction aide sworn into the United States Army in February 1918 and shortly thereafter was promoted to Director of Reconstruction Aides, later to be called Physical Therapists.World War I launched a need and ignited the field of physical therapyin America. It allowed women to begin a career in a new profession, one that would make their talents shine by healing tens of thousands of suffering soldiers. Mary taught the United States Army's inaugural class of over 200women reconstruction aides at Reed College, whose graduates were sent outall over the country to set up hospital wards to rehabilitate the war's woundedsoldiers. She would become known by all in her profession as "The Mother ofPhysical Therapy," and a leader of the rapidly growing vocation. Because of Mary's hard work, efforts, and teaching, physical therapy would later become an integral part of every medical and physical recovery program for patients in homes, hospitals, clinics, schools, and training facilities around the world.In 1921, Mary wrote the best-selling book, Massage and TherapeuticExercise, published by W.B. Saunders. She became the principal founder and president of the American Women's Physical Therapeutics Association, known today as the American Physical Therapy Association. At the same time, she was the Director of Physiotherapy at Harvard Medical School Graduate Program for eight years. In 1932, the Rockefeller Foundation appointed her to be the Chief Physiotherapist at Peiping Union Medical College (PUMC) in China until she resigned in 1941.Upon the completion of her nine-year tenure in China, she bookedpassage back to America the week before the Pearl Harbor attack, but was toolate. She was left stranded in Manila as the Japanese invaded the city, which leftno chance for her repatriation home. Mary, and over 4,000 other Americans,British, and Dutch faced tragic circumstances, heroic hardships, starvation,and life-threatening health issues during their imprisonment by the Japanese in the Santo Tomas and Chapei Internment Camps from 1941-1944. This heroic story shares, in vivid detail, her triumphant life story in how she endured and survived through it all, never lost faith, and succeeded in her goal to serve the unfortunate as the "Mother of Physical Therapy"