Book excerpt: The Mediterranean region is distinguished by an architectural heritage of great richness and diversity. This book focuses on the preservation and enhancement of this heritage. As the building and construction sector is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, there is much effort to replace traditional materials with environmentally friendly materials. Great efforts are made to prioritize the use of eco-materials instead of conventional materials. There is a trend to use local materials, such as earth, stone or wood, due to their sustainability and highly favorable environmental footprint. Keywords: Tire-Based Anti-Seismic Fibers, Hydraulic Lime Concrete, Recycled Glass-Fiber Reinforced Cement, Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste, Local Clay Materials with Date Palm Fibers, Bio-Composite Building Material, Building Materials Stabilized with Gum Arabic, Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Building Aggregate, Soil Building Blocks, Earth Bricks Stabilized by Alkaline Solution and Reinforced with Natural Fibers, Preservation of Local Architectural Heritage, Seismic Resilience in Rammed Earth Construction, Thermal Insulation, Wall Paintings, Spectrometric Characterization, Raw Earthern Bricks, Bricks based on Clay and Stabilized with Reed Fibers, Traditional Earth Architecture, Geopolymers, Strengthening Rammed Earth, Improving Thermal Insulation, Removal of Organic Pollutants, Characterization of Stone Flooring, Fire Induced Microstructural Changes in Materials, White Marble, Limestone, Restoration and Digitalisation Strategies of Architectural Heritage, Laser Scanning, BIM for Heritage Management, Integrated Digital Survey Methodologies.