Book excerpt: Following the success of the First MOBILIGHT 2009 in Athens, Greece, the Second International Conference on Mobile Lightweight Systems (MOBILIGHT) was held in Barcelona, Spain on May 10-12, 2010. It was not an easy decision to carry on organizing a scientific event on wireless communications, where competition is really enormous. This decision was motivated by discussion with many colleagues about the current unprecedented demand for lig- weight, wireless communication devices with high usability and performance able to support added-value services in a highly mobile environment. Such devices follow the users everywhere they go (at work, at home, while travelling, in a classroom, etc. ) and result in exciting research, development and business opportunities. Such scenarios clearly demand significant upgrades to the existing communication paradigm in terms of infrastructure, devices and services to support the “anytime, anywhere, any device” philosophy, providing novel and fast-evolving requirements and expectations on - search and development in the field of information and communication technologies. The core issue is to support wireless users' desire for 24/7 network availability and transparent access to "their own" services. In this context, we continue to envision an international forum where practitioners and researchers coming from the many areas involved in lightweight wireless systems’ design and deployment would be able to interact and exchange experiences.