Book excerpt: Written by renowned modelling expert and TV visual effects designer Mat Irvine, the Model Builders' Manual provides a practical guide for both novice and experienced model builders, showing how to obtain professional results, with a focus on plastic model kits. In addition to the practicalities of building models, this introduction to modelling covers the history of how the modern kit industry developed, how a model kit is designed, the range of tools and paints available to build models, the origins and variety of the various scales, collecting models and model clubs. Practical coverage includes details of basic building techniques, painting and spraying, decals and dioramas, plus techniques associated with predominantly plastic-based hobby kits such as white metal, photo-etch and resin components.