Book excerpt: This book describes results from the 1994 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessment in U.S. history, conducted at grades 4, 8, and 12. Included in this report card are the results of students' achievement at each grade and within various subgroups of the general population. The report discusses the relationships between student performance and instructional and home background variables. This information gives educators a context for evaluating the U.S. history achievement of students and the results that may be used to guide reform efforts. Chapters include: (1) "NAEP 1994 U.S. History Assessment"; (2) "U.S. History Results for the Nation and Regions"; (3) "U.S. History Achievement Levels"; (4) "Contexts in which Students Learn History"; and (5) "What Students Know and Can Do in U.S. History." A conclusion, three appendices, 52 tables, and 13 figures complete the book. (EH)