Book excerpt: This book discusses the biological, technical and study-design challenges of Nanopharmaceuticals. Chapters of this book are dedicated to supermagentic iron oxide nanoparticles for the diagnosis of brain, breast, gastric, ovarian, liver, colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancers. It also includes a brief introduction to magnetic resonance imaging and ends with the future prospective of iron oxide nanoparticles in cancer detection. The book also provides a critical discussion on ‘Computational sequence design for DNA nanostructures’ and gives a brief introduction about the skin delivery. A detailed discussion has been included about the different types of nanocarriers such as micells, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, polymeric and lipid based nanoparticles. Focussing on the safety concerns of nanomedicine it also covers the safety issues, clinical benefits, ecotoxicity and regulatory frame work of nanopharmaceuticals.