Book excerpt: This book focuses on advances in nanomaterials and bionanocomposites for their applications in medicinal plants. Nanotechnology applications in medicinal plants is a recent addition to Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system. Nanotechnology offers immense opportunities for the improvement of quality of life through applications in nanomedicine and food systems. This book provides basic knowledge about the role of nanotechnology in developing a sustainable form of Ayurveda utilising bionanocomposites. It will be useful to students of nanosciences, Ayurvedic medicines, biological sciences, medical sciences, physics, chemistry, biotechnology and engineering sciences. The book is the first of its kind, and is based on interdisciplinary research from a variety of experts in their fields.