Book excerpt: There were many elements to British Napoleonic naval success but one of the key factors was gunnery. Other countries developed different naval weapons to fit their maritime strategies. The French and Spanish systems developed on similar lines, while those of the Baltic navies tended to rely on smaller craft and weapons. Holland, during this period, was part of the French sphere of influence and this had an effect on the development of its naval weapons. This title describes the systems of all these countries as well as the fledgling navy of America, whose gunnery skills embarrassed the Royal Navy at the height of their dominance.