Book excerpt: The general aim here is to use renewable and non-polluting materials in ways that offer a high degree of sustainability and preserve the remaining natural resources for future generations. Keywords: Biobased Materials, Renewable Materials, Non-polluting Materials, Sustainability, Wood, Agricultural Waste, Grasses, Natural Plant Fibers, Lignocellulosic Materials, Carbohydrates, Sugars, Lignin, Cellulose, Vegetable Oils, Proteins, Bamboo, Vegetable Fibers, Soil Composites, Recycled Materials, Rice Husk Ash, Sugar Cane Ash, Fiber-reinforced Concrete, Post-disaster Reconstruction, Guadua Fibers, Prefabricated Bamboo Guadua Panels, Multi-Level Bamboo Structures, Alkaline Activated Cements, Polymer Residues Reinforced with Glass Fiber, Composites Reinforced with Vegetal Fibers, Sisal Fibers, Bamboo Arch Structure, Adobe Reinforced with Wheat Fibers, Fiber Reinforced Microconcrete, Cements with High Coal Waste Contents, Natural Composites, Geopolymer Concretes.