Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the second annual Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) Users Symposium conducted in June 2014 at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. GIFT, the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring, is a modular, service-oriented architecture developed to lower the skills and time needed to author effective adaptive training. Design goals for GIFT also include capturing best instructional practices, promoting standardization and reuse for adaptive instructional content and methods and evaluation of the effectiveness of tutoring technologies. Truly adaptive systems make intelligent (optimal) decisions about tailoring instruction in real-time and make these decisions based on information about the learner and the instructional context (training environment. The papers presented by experts in the field include authoring, ITS interoperability, user perspectives of GIFT, non-cognitive factors in intelligent tutoring, teachable agents, dialogue-based tutoring methods, and intelligent tutoring for teams.