Book excerpt: Since 1998, the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Rajasthan have partnered to bring sustainable development to the cities and towns of Rajasthan, in northwest India. Through the Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project (RUIDP), extensive work has been undertaken to address urban challenges such as widespread poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and a harsh climate. This publication reflects on Rajasthan’s development issues and solutions and showcases how infrastructure investments and institutional support under the RUIDP have improved the economic conditions, health, and overall quality of life of citizens. It also discusses lessons learned and future priorities.