Book excerpt: Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) closely imitate biological networks. Information processing occurs in both spatial and temporal manner, making SNN extremely interesting for the pertinent mimicking of the biological brain. Biological brains code and transmit the sensory information in the form of spikes that capture the spatial and temporal information of the environment with amazing precision. This information is processed in an asynchronous way by the neural layer performing recognition of complex spatio-temporal patterns with sub-milliseconds delay and at with a power budget in the order of 20W. The efficient spike coding mechanism and the asynchronous and sparse processing and communication of spikes seems to be key in the energy efficiency and high-speed computation capabilities of biological brains. SNN low-power and event-based computation make them more attractive when compared to other artificial neural networks (ANN).