Book excerpt: What does multiculturalism mean in Mauritius? This question was the starting point of an ethnographic study on an island state in the Indian Ocean that had always been part of a global project and always been (post)colonial. The introduction of citizenship education at school in this Republic with its ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse population serves as an example for the analysis of how different approaches to multicultural policy-making collide. The negotiations on the school subject illustrate the organisation of cultural difference by the state mainly through Indo-Mauritian and Creole nationalism.