Book excerpt: Jewish philosopher Franz Rosenzweig questioned the whole of Western philosophical tradition and tried to found a "new thinking" based on the Jewish-Christian concept of Revelation. System and Revelation, the first contemporary, comprehensive analysis of Rosenzweig's thinking, describes his philosophy as it is presented in his major work, The Star of Redemption, and highlights its relevance to postmodern thinking. The Star of Redemption, first published in 1921, has as its background World War I and the bloody collapse of traditional Europe and its values. In it, Rosenzweig attempted to elaborate a vast theoretical construction that was based upon the most specific categories of Judaism but tended nonetheless to universal signification. One of the central assertions of the book was that the history of the West, a history that is itself the last avatar of universal history, unavoidably rests upon violence and war. The first part of The Star of Redemption features a critique of Western rationality, which Moses analyzes with forcefulness and clarity. In the chapters devoted to the second part of The Star, Moses describes the coming into relation of the elements (God, Man, World) isolated by the breakup of the Hegelian totality. The third part of The Star describes Judaism and Christianity in their sociological reality--mainly through the analysis of their sacred time. Finally, the last chapter addresses the one Truth that transcends both Judaism and Christianity. Emphasizing the conceptual structures of Rosenzweig's philosophy, its references to cultural and historical data, as well as the implicit tensions that undermine the systematical coherence of this thinking, Moses underlines some of the most fundamental speculative gestures in Rosenzweig's thought. System and Revelation is neither Rosenzweig's spiritual biography nor a study of the whole of his work; rather it is a look at Rosenzweig's place within the history of contemporary philosophy through an analysis that is part exposition, part commentary, and part interpretation.