Book excerpt: Performedin the cardiac catheterization laboratory is also included in this section. The next section deals with all aspects of cardiac surgery. Surgery for ischemic heart disease, valve surgery, aortic surgery, robotically assisted cardiac surgery, surgery for congenital heart disease and cardiac transplantation are covered by well-known experts. The last section points to expected refinements and future developments in cardiology, such as stem cell therapy, newer thrombolytics, new frontiers in balloon valvotomy and cardiac transplantation and artificial hearts. This book includes more than 300 full coloured images and illustration. It can be used as a reference book in every library, hospitals, medical colleges and research institutions.