Book excerpt: For neurosurgeons, skull base neurosurgery is as complex, dangerous, challenging, and charming as Mount Everest. The vigorous development of neuroendoscopy has opened a new perspective for skull base neurosurgery. Due to the special structure of skull base, there are often "blind spots" left out by microscope, while neuroendoscopy is the promising technology to overcome the defects. With its minimally invasive advantages, neuroendoscopy is gradually becoming popular in neurosurgical operation. In recent years, neuroendoscopic surgery for pituitary adenoma, the anterior skull base and sellar turcica meningioma, clivus chordoma and tumors in the foramen magnum area have been reported, as well as for atlantoaxial lesions. Neuroendoscopy for skull base midline surgical area has attracted accumulating attention, and its application is widely used in basic and clinical research.