Book excerpt: Given the success of Volume I of this Research Topic, we are pleased to announce the launch of Volume II: “The Alzheimer's Disease Challenge”. The repeated failure of clinical trials on the amyloid-based medications and the pessimistic calculations of Alzheimer's disease cost burden for the next few decades present a severe challenge to humankind with severe social implications. In recent years, several alternative diagnostic and treatment procedures have been presented to treat and manage Alzheimer’s disease as it has been nearly impossible to suggest a holistic solution. Several revelations in human biology have highlighted the multiparametric character of the disease. Besides the amyloid aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles that result in Aβ toxicity and tau phosphorylation, processes such as Gene Mutations, Proteins Misfolding, Brain Biochemical and Histopathological Changes, Behavioral Changes, Nutrition and Metabolism Alterations, and Autonomic Dysfunctions due to Central Nervous System dysregulations are common signs and probably early diagnostic biomarkers in most of the Alzheimer's classification categories.