Book excerpt: By: The Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval, Pub. 1903, reprinted 2023, 672 pages, Index, ISBN #978-1-63914-091-6. Unlike previous works on Royal Descents which have been principally, if not wholly, confined to setting out the specific descents of those persons who have paid for that purpose, every attempt has been made in this book to trace out ALL the descendants of the above-named Kings, of which no fee or charge was made for their insertion. The author traces all the living descendants of King Edward III as of the date of original publication (1903), with some 48,000 individuals and with over 300,000 lines of descent between them. Included in the Roll are the names of all the crowned heads of Europe; of the majority of hereditary peers; of all the royal and princely houses of Europe; of many of the higher nobility of France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Russia, and Belgium; and of the old aristocracy of the Southern States of America, together with baronets and county gentry.