Book excerpt: In this challenging time for Spain and the world at large, we want to remind readers of the fundamental economic dynamics of the country in order to better assess its business environment. This publication is unique in that it provides a holistic and multisectoral view of development at a point of much political uncertainty, all amidst notable efforts to become a leader of Industry 4.0 in the European bloc. With information straight from the mouths of leaders and decision makers across the economy, it is a comprehensive guide to investment throughout the diverse and industrially-rich regions of Spain. The Business Year's country-specific publications, sometimes featuring over 150 face-to-face interviews, are among the most comprehensive annual economic publications available internationally. This 179-page publication covers finance, green economy, energy, industry, IT and telecoms, transport, real estate, construction, agriculture, education, health, tourism, and retail.