Book excerpt: This report is part of a joint global research, development and demonstration effort of the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank. It reviews current literature and practices on the co-composting of human waste together with the organic fraction of domestic solid waste. The report describes the composting process, reviews various co-composting systems, and discusses health aspects such as pathogen destruction. The uses of compost as a soil conditioner, mulch, fertilizer or for land reclamation are also described. The report also develops several cost/benefit models for economic analysis of co-composting operations and outlines the economics of the process as a whole. The focus of the analytical methodology is on developing countries. Key issues for consideration in planning for composting are also discussed. Decision makers and planners will find this report a valuable reference on co-composting when addressing waste management and resource recovery issues in the developing countries.