Book excerpt: Despite real progress in ecumenical relations between Catholics and Eastern Orthodox, the last several years have seen an increase in bitter attacks on papal supremacy and infallibility. In this newly revised and expanded work, James Likoudis treats in detail Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology and replies to objections made to critical elements of Roman Catholic doctrine on: The pope’s primacy of supremacy and infallibility, The procession of the Holy Spirit, The filioque clause, The dogma of the Immaculate Conception, Purgatory, and The development of doctrine. With The Divine Primacy of the Bishop of Rome & Modern Eastern Orthodoxy, Likoudis contributes to today’s Catholic–Orthodox dialog by going back to the “undivided Church of the First Millennium,” where we see clearly the existence of a papal primacy of universal jurisdiction.