Book excerpt: This comprehensive encyclopedia gives an overview of the way music has developed, beginning with ancient civilizations through to the present day. The section on music-making shows how instruments, ensembles and orchestras evolved and all the elements that co-ordinate to make them function. The book then provides an illustrated guide to the most influential composers: those who have defined or developed particular styles of composition, and who have created for themselves a significant place in music history. Over 100 composers are featured, including the pre-eminent Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, other greats such as Vivaldi, Schubert and Tchaikovsky, and modern composers such as Carter, Boulez and Stockhausen.