Book excerpt: Intelligence cultures are influenced by past and present governments, society and foreign relations. This book provides the first review of every African intelligence culture. It examines the role of the state, civil society and international relations in shaping African countries' intelligence norms, activities and oversight. Bringing together a group of international scholars, the book explores how intelligence culture is shaped and the role it has in government and civil society. This comprehensive book argues that African agency in government and society is the key to understanding Africa's intelligence services.