Book excerpt: This publication has been carried out on behalf of the Great Ape Survival Partnership (GRASP), established by UNEP and UNESCO in collaboration with a wide range of non-governmental organisations in response to growing concern over the plight of the orangutan, the chimpanzee, the bonobo and the gorilla. The report used the latest satellite imagery and data from the Government of Indonesia to assess changes in the forests of one part of south-east Asia. The results indicate that illegal logging, fires and the plantation of crops such as palm oil are intruding extensively into Indonesia's national parks, the last safehold of the orangutan. The orangutans share this habitat with a wild range of other threatened and ecologically important species including the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran rhinoceros and Asian elephant.