Book excerpt: Machine generated contents note: CHAPTER.I (Mini Symposium. 1) - Statewide and Regional -- Strategies for Planning and Upgrading of R&D in Some -- Model Countries (Germany and EC, Russia, Turkey, Italy) -- Research and Development (R&D) in the United States -- and in the Western Hemisphere -- W.Brostow -- Survey of the Funding of R&D in Germany and the EU -- H.HkkTer -- On Present Status ofAcademic Research and Education -- In Russia -- A. Zerin -- Planning and Upgrading of R & D in Turkey -- A. Ciingirogh -- Statewide and Regional Strategies for Planning -- and Upgrading of R&D in Italy as a Model Country -- M. Malineonico -- Contribution of International Bodies to the R&D -- Capability of CentralAsian and Caucasian Republics: -- Special Attention to EU International Cooperation Programmes -- P. M. $ahin -- Recent Developments in Innovation Policy in the -- European Community -- M. Malinconico -- Small Business and Innovation in R & D -- Anna Brostow.